{"id":41407,"date":"2021-11-20T11:51:04","date_gmt":"2021-11-20T11:51:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/?p=41407"},"modified":"2022-07-29T09:56:13","modified_gmt":"2022-07-29T09:56:13","slug":"la-ecologia-del-olivar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/la-ecologia-del-olivar\/","title":{"rendered":"La ecolog\u00eda del olivar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; fullwidth=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbSecci\u00f3n\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb3.22&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#ffffff\u00bb background_image=\u00bbhttp:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/page_header_bg_blue.jpg\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb50px|0|50px|0&#8243; custom_padding_phone=\u00bb\u00bb transparent_background=\u00bboff\u00bb padding_mobile=\u00bboff\u00bb make_fullwidth=\u00bboff\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00bboff\u00bb width_unit=\u00bbon\u00bb global_module=\u00bb5294&#8243; locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_fullwidth_post_title meta=\u00bboff\u00bb featured_image=\u00bboff\u00bb text_color=\u00bblight\u00bb text_background=\u00bbon\u00bb text_bg_color=\u00bbrgba(28,28,28,0.43)\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbT\u00edtulo\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.6&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_font=\u00bbRoboto Light||||\u00bb title_font_size=\u00bb35px\u00bb title_all_caps=\u00bbon\u00bb background_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0)\u00bb parallax=\u00bbon\u00bb parallax_method=\u00bboff\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb parallax_effect=\u00bbon\u00bb module_bg_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0)\u00bb use_border_color=\u00bboff\u00bb border_color=\u00bb#ffffff\u00bb border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_fullwidth_post_title][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#ffffff\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb10px|||\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb50px|0|50px|0&#8243; custom_padding_phone=\u00bb\u00bb transparent_background=\u00bboff\u00bb padding_mobile=\u00bboff\u00bb make_fullwidth=\u00bboff\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00bboff\u00bb width_unit=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row padding_mobile=\u00bboff\u00bb column_padding_mobile=\u00bbon\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb max_width=\u00bb1080px\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb10px|||\u00bb make_fullwidth=\u00bboff\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00bboff\u00bb width_unit=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_post_title title=\u00bboff\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; title_all_caps=\u00bboff\u00bb background_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0)\u00bb parallax=\u00bbon\u00bb parallax_method=\u00bboff\u00bb parallax_effect=\u00bbon\u00bb module_bg_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0)\u00bb use_border_color=\u00bboff\u00bb border_color=\u00bb#ffffff\u00bb border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_post_title][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; specialty=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb parallax_method_1=\u00bboff\u00bb parallax_method_2=\u00bboff\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#ffffff\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00bbnone\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb10px|||\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb50px|0|50px|0&#8243; custom_padding_phone=\u00bb\u00bb transparent_background=\u00bboff\u00bb padding_mobile=\u00bboff\u00bb make_fullwidth=\u00bboff\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00bboff\u00bb width_unit=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb2_3&#8243; specialty_columns=\u00bb2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_row_inner padding_mobile=\u00bboff\u00bb column_padding_mobile=\u00bbon\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbFila\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb0px|||\u00bb collapsed=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=\u00bb2_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbTexto a reemplazar\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; z_index_tablet=\u00bb500&#8243; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00bb40px\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb use_border_color=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>Cuando escuchamos la palabra olivar, tendemos a imaginar una inmensa extensi\u00f3n de tierra cubierta por una marea verde de \u00e1rboles llamados olivos. Y estamos en lo cierto, pero en los olivares \u00bfs\u00f3lo hay olivos o existen otros seres vivos?<\/p>\n<p>La gran mayor\u00eda de la poblaci\u00f3n tiende a pensar que solamente hay olivos plantados, pero \u00bfes esto cierto?. Nada m\u00e1s lejos de la realidad, el olivar es un ecosistema que presenta una rica diversidad biol\u00f3gica de especies.<\/p>\n<p>El olivar y su biodiversidad<\/p>\n<p>Como ya se ha mencionado con anterioridad, los olivares constituyen un medio con una amplia biodiversidad. Pero, \u00bfsabemos el significado del concepto biodiversidad?<\/p>\n<p>Se define biodiversidad como el conjunto de seres vivos (animales, plantas, microorganismos, etc.) que habitan en un espacio determinado interactuando entre s\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Una vez comprendido el t\u00e9rmino, \u00bfqu\u00e9 otros seres vivos habitan en los olivares adem\u00e1s de los olivos?<\/p>\n<p>La Microbiota<\/p>\n<p>La microbiota del olivar est\u00e1 conformada por todos los microorganismos que habitan en el suelo: bacterias, hongos, protozoos, etc. Presentan un papel fundamental en la cadena tr\u00f3fica puesto que, al ser el \u00faltimo eslab\u00f3n, se encargan de descomponer la materia org\u00e1nica del suelo en materia inorg\u00e1nica para que los productores (los vegetales) puedan volver a transformarla en materia org\u00e1nica.<\/p>\n<p>La inmensa mayor\u00eda de esta microbiota se encuentra en la rizosfera (Figura 1), \u00e9sta es la parte del suelo m\u00e1s pr\u00f3xima a las ra\u00edces de las plantas donde tiene lugar el desarrollo de la vida microbiana. En la rizosfera del olivar, uno de los microorganismos m\u00e1s presentes son los pertenecientes a la clase Agaricomycetes (divisi\u00f3n Basidiomycota).<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"41409\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/la-ecologia-del-olivar\/eo-figura-1\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-1.jpg?fit=837%2C550&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"837,550\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"EO &#8211; Figura 1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-1.jpg?fit=300%2C197&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-1.jpg?fit=837%2C550&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-41409 alignnone size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-1.jpg?resize=300%2C197&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figura 1: Representaci\u00f3n de la rizosfera.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p>La Flora<\/p>\n<p>La flora que se encuentra acompa\u00f1ando a los olivos, se trata de comunidades de vegetaci\u00f3n de tipo ruderal (plantas que crecen en h\u00e1bitats que est\u00e1n muy alterados por la acci\u00f3n antropog\u00e9nica) y tipo nitr\u00f3filo (plantas que habitan en ambientes con altas cantidades de nitratos), las cuales van a estar muy condicionadas a diversos factores tales como: las propias labores del cultivo, la composici\u00f3n y la potencia del suelo, el riego, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Las plantas presentes en el olivar juegan un papel fundamental en la permanencia y productividad del cultivo. Estas ventajas se tratan en otro post llamado Cubiertas vegetales.<\/p>\n<p>Las comunidades vegetales m\u00e1s frecuentes en el olivar se clasifican seg\u00fan el tipo de hoja que presenten:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Plantas de hoja ancha (Dicotiled\u00f3neas) (Figura 2): Amaranthus (1), Brassica (2), Convolvulus (3), Daucus (4), Diplotaxis (5), Erodium (6), Euphorbia (7), Heliotropium (8), Malva (9), Raphanus (10), Rubia (11) y Silene (12).<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"41417\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/la-ecologia-del-olivar\/eo-figura-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-2.jpg?fit=733%2C467&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"733,467\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"EO &#8211; Figura 2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-2.jpg?fit=300%2C191&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-2.jpg?fit=733%2C467&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-41417 alignnone size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-2.jpg?resize=300%2C191&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"191\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figura 2: Fotograf\u00edas de las diferentes especies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Plantas de hoja estrecha (Monocotiled\u00f3neas) (Figura 3): Avena (1), Cynodon (2), Cyperus (3) y Lolium (4), etc.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"41411\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/la-ecologia-del-olivar\/eo-figura-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-3.jpg?fit=626%2C535&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"626,535\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"EO &#8211; Figura 3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-3.jpg?fit=300%2C256&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-3.jpg?fit=626%2C535&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-41411 alignnone size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-3.jpg?resize=300%2C256&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"256\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figura 3: Fotograf\u00edas de las diferentes especies.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>La Fauna<\/p>\n<p>La fauna que habita en el olivar es bastante variada. Adem\u00e1s, estos animales van a jugar un papel fundamental en la sostenibilidad del cultivo puesto que favorecen la incorporaci\u00f3n de materia org\u00e1nica al medio e incluso realizan un control biol\u00f3gico de las plagas que pueden afectar al cultivo.<\/p>\n<p>Las comunidades faun\u00edsticas m\u00e1s frecuentes en el olivar se clasifican en:<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Invertebrados: Artr\u00f3podos<\/p>\n<p>Dentro de los invertebrados, los artr\u00f3podos son los animales m\u00e1s abundantes en el olivar llegando a formar el 20% de todas las especies animales. Dentro de ellos, las especies m\u00e1s abundantes son las ara\u00f1as (1), siendo el grupo m\u00e1s diverso con aproximadamente 217 especies; los cole\u00f3pteros (escarabajos) (2) con 30 especies; las hormigas (3) con 23 especies; los hem\u00edpteros (abejas, avispas, etc.) (4) con 11 especies y los neur\u00f3pteros (crisopas, polillas, hormigas-le\u00f3n, etc.) (5) con 13 especies (Figura 4).<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"41421\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/la-ecologia-del-olivar\/eo-figura-8\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-8.jpg?fit=1314%2C549&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1314,549\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"EO &#8211; Figura 8\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-8.jpg?fit=300%2C125&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-8.jpg?fit=1024%2C428&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-41421 alignnone size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-8.jpg?resize=300%2C125&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"125\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figura 4: Fotograf\u00edas de las diferentes especies.<\/p>\n<p>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vertebrados<\/p>\n<p>Dentro de los vertebrados, nos encontramos:<\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0 Anfibios<\/p>\n<p>El principal problema al que se enfrentan los anfibios en el olivar, es la falta de agua debido a que \u00e9ste es un cultivo de secano. Sin embargo, estos animales pueden aparecer ocasionalmente en linderos, zanjas o acequias donde discurra agua e incluso, pueden llegar a adentrarse en olivares que presenten riego por goteo.<\/p>\n<p>El anfibio m\u00e1s predominante y cuya presencia es permanente en el olivar es el sapo com\u00fan (1). Aunque tambi\u00e9n nos podemos encontrar otras especies como: Gallipato (2), Rana com\u00fan (3), Ranita meridional (4), Sapillo moteado (5), Sapillo pintojo (6), Sapo corredor (7) y Trit\u00f3n pigmeo (8) (Figura 5).<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"41413\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/la-ecologia-del-olivar\/eo-figura-5\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-5.jpg?fit=795%2C330&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"795,330\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"EO &#8211; Figura 5\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-5.jpg?fit=300%2C125&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-5.jpg?fit=795%2C330&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-41413 alignnone size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-5.jpg?resize=300%2C125&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"125\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figura 5: Fotograf\u00edas de las diferentes especies.<\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0 Reptiles<\/p>\n<p>Los reptiles es un grupo que presenta una gran densidad y diversidad en el olivar, llegando a habitar en \u00e9l desde lagartijas hasta serpientes.<\/p>\n<p>Las especies m\u00e1s representativas son: Culebra bastarda (1), Culebra de escalera (2), Culebra de herradura (3), Lagartija cenicienta (4), Lagartija colirroja (5), Lagartija ib\u00e9rica (6), Lagarto ocelado (7), Salamanquesa com\u00fan (8) y Salamanquesa rosada (9) (Figura 6).<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"41423\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/la-ecologia-del-olivar\/eo-figura-6\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-6.jpg?fit=650%2C396&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"650,396\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"EO &#8211; Figura 6\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-6.jpg?fit=300%2C183&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-6.jpg?fit=650%2C396&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-41423 alignnone size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-6.jpg?resize=300%2C183&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"183\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figura 6: Fotograf\u00edas de las diferentes especies.<\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0 Aves<\/p>\n<p>El cultivo del olivar puede acoger numerosas comunidades de diferentes tipos de aves caracter\u00edsticas de matorrales y bosques mediterr\u00e1neos. Aunque bien es cierto que la tipolog\u00eda del cultivo (olivar intensivo, olivar tradicional, etc.) va a determinar la propia diversidad y densidad de dichas comunidades, adem\u00e1s de las condiciones ambientales.<\/p>\n<p>Con respecto al cultivo, en los olivares tradicionales la proporci\u00f3n de aves que nos encontramos oscilan entre 16-21 especies de aves, a diferencia de los olivares con una agricultura intensiva donde la tasa se reduce a 5-9 especies. Las especies de aves m\u00e1s comunes en el olivar tradicional son: Alcaud\u00f3n com\u00fan (1), Carbonero com\u00fan (2), Chotacabras com\u00fan (3), Curruca cabecinegra (4), Curruca carrasque\u00f1a (5), Curruca mirlona (6), Escribano sote\u00f1o (7), Mirlo com\u00fan (8), Mito (9), Pardillo com\u00fan (10) y Perdiz roja (11) (Figura 7).<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"41419\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/la-ecologia-del-olivar\/eo-figura-7\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-7.jpg?fit=1363%2C667&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1363,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"EO &#8211; Figura 7\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-7.jpg?fit=300%2C147&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-7.jpg?fit=1024%2C501&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-41419 alignnone size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-7.jpg?resize=300%2C147&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"147\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figura 7: Fotograf\u00edas de las diferentes especies.<\/p>\n<p>Referido a las condiciones ambientales, existen muchas especies de aves procedentes del centro y norte de Europa, que utilizan nuestros olivos como refugio para invernar. Estas especies son: Acentor com\u00fan (1), Curruca capirotada (2), Milano (3), Mosquitero com\u00fan (4), Petirrojo (5), Reyezuelo listado (6), Zorzal alirrojo (7) y Zorzal com\u00fan (8) (Figura 8).<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"41421\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/la-ecologia-del-olivar\/eo-figura-8\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-8.jpg?fit=1314%2C549&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1314,549\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"EO &#8211; Figura 8\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-8.jpg?fit=300%2C125&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-8.jpg?fit=1024%2C428&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-41421 alignnone size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-8.jpg?resize=300%2C125&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"125\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figura 8: Fotograf\u00edas de las diferentes especies.<\/p>\n<p>o\u00a0\u00a0 Mam\u00edferos<\/p>\n<p>Los mam\u00edferos tambi\u00e9n son un amplio grupo de animales que se encuentra bastante representado en el olivar.<\/p>\n<p>De hecho, el mam\u00edfero que es propio y cuya mayor densidad la presenta en este tipo de cultivo, es la liebre (1). Sin embargo, existen otros mam\u00edferos que son bastante comunes en el olivar: Comadreja (2), Conejo (3), Erizo europeo (4), Gineta (5), Musara\u00f1a (6), Rata (7), Rat\u00f3n casero (8), Rat\u00f3n de campo (9), Rat\u00f3n moruno (10) y Zorro (11) (Figura 9).<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"41425\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/la-ecologia-del-olivar\/eo-figura-9\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-9.jpg?fit=1417%2C717&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1417,717\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"EO &#8211; Figura 9\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-9.jpg?fit=300%2C152&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-9.jpg?fit=1024%2C518&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-41425 alignnone size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/EO-Figura-9.jpg?resize=300%2C152&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"152\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figura 9: Fotograf\u00edas de las diferentes especies.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_comments _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; use_border_color=\u00bboff\u00bb border_color=\u00bb#ffffff\u00bb border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb button_letter_spacing_hover=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_size__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_text_size__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_one_text_size__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_two_text_size__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_one_text_color__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_two_text_color__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_border_width__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_border_width__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_one_border_width__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_two_border_width__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_border_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_border_color__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_one_border_color__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_two_border_color__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_border_radius__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_border_radius__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_one_border_radius__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=\u00bboff\u00bb button_two_border_radius__hover=\u00bbnull\u00bb button_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=\u00bbon\u00bb button_letter_spacing__hover=\u00bb0&#8243; 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custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bbon|on|on\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb3.0.92&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#dedacf\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb50px|0|50px|0&#8243; custom_padding_phone=\u00bb\u00bb disabled=\u00bbon\u00bb global_module=\u00bb5116&#8243; collapsed=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb3.22&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#ffffff\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb10px||0px|\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb50px|0|50px|0&#8243; custom_padding_phone=\u00bb\u00bb transparent_background=\u00bboff\u00bb padding_mobile=\u00bboff\u00bb make_fullwidth=\u00bboff\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00bboff\u00bb width_unit=\u00bbon\u00bb global_module=\u00bb5115&#8243; collapsed=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row padding_mobile=\u00bboff\u00bb column_padding_mobile=\u00bbon\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb max_width=\u00bb1080px\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px|\u00bb make_fullwidth=\u00bboff\u00bb use_custom_width=\u00bboff\u00bb width_unit=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cuando escuchamos la palabra olivar, tendemos a imaginar una inmensa extensi\u00f3n de tierra cubierta por una marea verde de \u00e1rboles llamados olivos. Y estamos en lo cierto, pero en los olivares \u00bfs\u00f3lo hay olivos o existen otros seres vivos? La gran mayor\u00eda de la poblaci\u00f3n tiende a pensar que solamente hay olivos plantados, pero \u00bfes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41427,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/olivar-y-ecologia.jpg?fit=1280%2C853&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p95A9q-aLR","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41407\/"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post\/"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1\/"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments\/?post=41407"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41407\/revisions\/"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41427\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/?parent=41407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/?post=41407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/centrodeolivaryaceite.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags\/?post=41407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}